Chemistry High School
Answers
Answer 1
2.8 x 10^9 atoms carbon atoms are there in a 2.6-carat diamond. diamonds are a form of pure carbon
Having the chemical symbol C and atomic number 6, carbon is an element with the meaning "coal" in Latin. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent, meaning that four of its atom's electrons can be used to create covalent chemical connections. The periodic table's group 14 is where it belongs. Only 0.025 percent of the crust of the Earth is made up of carbon. Crude oil, methane gas, and coal are used as fuel sources (which is used to make gasoline). All kinds of materials i.e diamond, including polymers and steel alloys, are made with it (a combination of carbon and iron)
2.8 carat C x (0.20g C/ 1 carat C) x (1 mole C/ 12.01 g C) x (6.02 x 10^23 atoms C/ 1 mole C)
= 2.8 x 10^9 atoms C
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Related Questions
will t-pentyl chloride (2-chloro-2-methylbutane) float on the surface of water? look up its density in a handbook.
Answers
T-Pentyl Chloride has a density of.8420 g/mL. T-pentyl chloride will float because it has a lower density than water, which has a density of 1.0 g/mL.
Since 2 chloro 2 methyl butane has a lower density than water, it cannot dissolve in water, leading to the formation of organic layers.The solvent 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane is used to synthesize pentane as well as other chemicals. It serves as a catalyst and a petrochemical additive when employed in organic synthesis. Originally, this Alfa Aesar product was sold under the Thermo Scientific name. The heritage brand may be mentioned in some documents and label information. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations, exact estimates of the (IR) spectra for 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane have been made and are available for purchase.
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how many molecules of water are produced by the electron-transfer chain during the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?
Answers
The water molecule produced by the electron transfer chain of one pyruvate molecule is 5H2O.
Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down glucose compounds with the help of oxygen. Oxygen will gain electrons and then react with hydrogen ions to produce water or H2O.
Aerobic respiration consists of four stages, the first stage is glycolysis, where glucose is converted into two pyruvic acids, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP. Then 2 pyruvic acids are converted into 2 acetyl co-A and 2 NADH in the process of oxidative decarboxylation. 2 acetyl co-A is converted to 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2FADH2, and 2 ATP in the kreb cycle. In the final stage of electron transport 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 are converted to 34 ATP and 10H2O. So in 1 pyruvic acid 5 H2O molecules are produced during the electron transport process.
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in the Bohr model of the atom, in which orbit is an electron in its lowest energy state?
a. in the orbit closest to the nucleus
b. in the orbit farthest from the nucleus
c. in the electron cloud
d. midway between two orbits
Answers
An electron is in its lowest energy state Option A: on the orbit closest to the nucleus.
In terms of genomics, a nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and houses the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane has a variety of pores that enable the selective passage of specific molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
The nucleus carries the genes, structures that hold the genetic information, and controls and regulates the functions of the cell (such as growth and metabolism). Small structures called nucleoli are frequently detected inside the nucleus. The nucleoplasm is the gel-like matrix in which the nuclear parts are suspended.
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one of the components of polluted air is no. it is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: why are high temperatures needed to convert n2 and o2 to no?
Answers
NO is one of the main components of polluted air. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines and required high amount of temperature.
It is because both N2 ad O2 are diatomic molecules and are joined through strong intermolecular or bonding forces. In order to break their bond, high amount of heat is required.
The reaction is given as
N2 + O2 -------> 2No delta H = 180 kJ
It is a reversible reaction. In this reaction, both N2 and O2 are diatomic molecules with strong bonding forces. NO i.e. Nitrogen oxide is formed by the combination of the constituents of these molecules and for this purpose a definite amount of heat energy is required to break them apart. That is why the temperature in the surrounding environment must be very high.
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10. sodium tripolyphosphate, na5p3o10, is added to detergents to increase their cleaning power. calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of this compound.
Answers
There are approximately 0.975 phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate.
A phosphorus atom is a type of atom that is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It is one of the chemical elements and is represented by the symbol "P" on the periodic table. Phosphorus is a member of the nitrogen group and is a nonmetal. It is a highly reactive element and is found in several different forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus.
To calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate, you need to know the formula for the compound. The formula for sodium tripolyphosphate is Na5P3O10.
Each molecule of sodium tripolyphosphate contains 3 phosphorus atoms. To find the number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of the compound, you need to multiply the number of phosphorus atoms per mole (3) by the number of moles you have (0.325).
The number of phosphorus atoms in 0.325 moles of sodium tripolyphosphate is:
3 phosphorus atoms/mole * 0.325 moles = 0.975 phosphorus atoms
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hydrochloric acid, hcl, reacts with barium hdroxide to produce barium chloride and water. how many ml of a 3.00 m hydrochloric
Answers
Hydrochloric acid, HCl, reacts with barium hydroxide to produce barium chloride and water. 0.197 mol of a 3.00 m hydrochloric acid is produced.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) to produce barium chloride (BaCl2) and water according to the following balanced chemical equation:
2 HCl + Ba(OH)2 --> BaCl2 + 2 H2O
To find the volume of a 3.00 M hydrochloric acid solution needed to react with a given amount of barium hydroxide, we need to know the mass or volume of the barium hydroxide and the ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical equation.
For example, suppose we want to find the volume of 3.00 M HCl needed to react with 50.0 g of Ba(OH)2. We can use the balanced chemical equation and the molar masses of the reactants and products to calculate the volume of HCl needed as follows:
First, we need to convert the mass of Ba(OH)2 to moles. To do this, we can use the formula:
n = m / M
where n is the number of moles, m is the mass of the substance, and M is the molar mass of the substance.
Putting values, we get:
n = 50.0 g / 253.3 g/mol
= 0.197 mol
Next, we need to use the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation to determine the ratio of HCl to Ba(OH)2. From the equation, we see that for every 2 mol of HCl, there is 1 mol of Ba(OH)2. Therefore, the ratio of HCl to Ba(OH)2 is 2:1.
We can now use the ratio of HCl to Ba(OH)2 and the number of moles of Ba(OH)2 to calculate the number of moles of HCl needed. Since the ratio of HCl to Ba(OH)2 is 2:1, we need twice as many moles of HCl
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a sodium cation is than a sodium atom. a phosphorus anion is than a phosphorus atom. a magnesium ion is than a sodium ion. a chlorine ion is than a phosphorus ion. a potassium ion is than a sodium ion.
Answers
The following conclusions can be drawn from using the periodic table to compare the sizes of ionic radii to the equivalent atomic radii or other ionic radii.
Compared to sodium atoms, sodium cations are smaller.An anion of phosphorus is bigger than an atom of phosphorus.Compared to sodium ions, magnesium ions are smaller.In comparison to phosphorus, chlorine is a smaller ion.Compared to sodium ions, potassium ions are bigger.
The nuclear pull is greater for the magnesium atom since it has a higher atomic number than sodium but the same number of shells. Its size is therefore smaller than sodium's. When an electron is added to an atom to form an anion, the new electron repels other electrons, increasing the size of the ion. This is why phosphorus ions are larger than phosphorus atoms.
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[Urgent!] - Equilibrium Problem
The equilibrium constant, K, for the following reaction
N₂(g) + O₂(g) ↔ 2NO(g)
is 4.00 x 10⁻² at a very high temperature. The reaction is at equilibrium at this temperature with [N2] = [O2] = 0.100 M and [NO] = 0.0200 M in a 2.00 liter flask. If 0.120 mol of NO is suddenly added to the reaction mixture what will be the concentrations of all species when equilibrium is re-established?
Answers
Answer:
√K = [.08-2x]/[.1+x]
Explanation:
As instructed by the question asker, I am putting this answer down. Hopefully it is correct (fingers crossed).
calculate the amount of heat transferred when 31.86 g of ch3oh is decomposed by this reaction at constant pressure.
Answers
This reaction decomposes 31.86 g of ch3oh at constant pressure, transferring 250 KJ of heat, as stated below.
The front and rear regions together make up the genuine contact area, and the contact pressure is the ratio of the typical load to this total. Only in the case of plastic contact may it be referred to as the scratch hardness.
Think about the following response:
2CH3OH(g)→2CH4(g)+O2(g)ΔH=+252.8kJ
Determine the amount of heat that is transmitted when this reaction, which occurs at constant pressure, breaks down 31.860g of CH3OH(g).
31.86 g CH3OH(g) (1 mol/ 32.05 g) = 0.99 mol CH3OH(g) +252.8 kJ
Q = 0.99 mol (252.8 kJ) = 250 kJ
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citrate and oxalate are usually added to embalming fluids to act as question 90 options: a) surfactants b) buffers c) preservatives d) vehicles
Answers
Option (c) is correct. Citrate and oxalate are usually added to embalming fluids to act as Preservatives.
A Preservative is defined as a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation involves the processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservatives are of various types that are suited to certain products and are effective against specific chemical changes.
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the physical state of a reactant or product will affect the enthalpy of reaction in a thermochemical equation. t or f
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The given statement "the physical state of a reactant or product will affect the enthalpy of reaction in a thermochemical equation," is false.
The heat of reaction is influenced by the physical state of the reactants and products.
What is thermochemical equation?
The term "thermochemical equation" refers to a balanced chemical equation that not only specifies the quantities of the various reactants and products but also the quantity of heat generated or absorbed.
A thermochemical equation may be written using fractional coefficients.
H2 ( g ) + ½ O2 ( g ) ⇒H2O ( l ) +285.8 KJ mol-1
H2 ( g ) + ½ O2 ( g ) ⇒ H2O ( l ) ΔH = – 285.8 KJ mol-1
When 1 mole of hydrogen and 0.5 mole of oxygen react, 285.8 KJ mol-1 of heat is produced. The heat generated will also double if the reactant amounts are doubled.
2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) → 2 H2O ( l ) + 571.6 KJ mol-1
2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g ) → 2H2O ( l ) ,ΔH = – 571.6 KJ mol-1
What is the Heat of reaction (reaction enthalpy, or reaction enthalpy change)?
The heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction, or enthalpy change of reaction is the quantity of heat that is evolved or absorbed in a chemical reaction once the number of moles of reactants as represented by the chemical equation have completely reacted.
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Based on the electron configuration of the two
atoms, predict the ratio of metal cationic (+) atom
to nonmetal anionic (-) atom in the compound.
1s²2s²2p 3s²3pº4s¹
1s²2s²2p63s²3p5
Potassium
Chlorine
A. 1:2
B. 3:2
C. 1:1
D. 2:3
Answers
Answer:
1:1
Explanation:
Two different atoms have six protons each and the same mass. However, one has a negative charge while the other has a positive charge. Describe what each atomic
structure could be, listing the possible number and location of all subatomic particles.
Answers
The atomic structure of the atoms would be ions with the positively charged ion having one extra electron and the negatively charged ion having one fewer electron.
Atomic structures
Both atoms have 6 protons each. The first atom has a positive charge while the second atom has a negative charge.
In other words, the first atom has lost an electron in order to have a positive charge. Similarly, the second atom has gained an electron in order to have a negative charge.
This means that the atom with a positive charge originally has one extra electron while the one with a negative charge originally has one fewer electron.
For the two atoms, the protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus while the electrons are found outside the nucleus around the orbitals.
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Why do people debate how to account for different roughness conditions in different portions of compound channel cross-section? how do we try to deal with this concern?
Answers
People argue how to take into account for varied roughness conditions in different regions of natural and restored waterways since they are typically constructed of compound channels rather than simple cross-sectional areas like rectangles, trapezoids, triangles, or simple curved forms.
What is a compound channel ?
A "compound" channel consists of a main channel that can handle regular flows and a flood plain that is submerged during heavy flows on one or both sides.
According to several researchers and practitioners, non-compound channels with channel beds and sides constructed of different materials or main channels with unusually shaped geometry and varying roughness should be the key applications for these composite roughness coefficient approaches. Furthermore, they propose the use of a composite roughness for compound channels when there are negligible roughness variations between the main channel and flood plains. These engineers recommend that the segmented conveyance approach instead be used in the majority of compound channel applications.
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the heat of vaporization of water is 40.66 kj/mol. how much heat is absorbed when 3.22 g of water boils at atmospheric pressure? heat:
Answers
Heat energy is absorbed to boil the water at atmospheric pressure is 6.506kJ.
Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure, is the force per unit area exerted by an atmospheric pressure column (that is, the total mass of air over a given area). Atmospheric pressure can be measured with a mercury barometer . This gives the height of the mercury column exactly in balance with the weight of the atmospheric column above the barometer.
Atmospheric pressure is also measured using an aneroid barometer. In this case, the sensing element is one or more hollow, partially evacuated, corrugated metal discs supported against collapse by internal or external springs. Changes in the shape of the disc due to changes in pressure can be recorded with a pen arm and a clock-driven rotating drum.
Calculation :
Step : 1
Calculate the number of moles of water as follows :
[tex]Number of moles of water = \frac{mass}{molar mass}[/tex]
[tex]= \frac{2.88g}{18.0g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]= 0.16mol[/tex]
Step 2 :
Now, calculate the heat energy absorbed to boil the water at atmospheric pressure is as follows :
[tex]Q = n*[/tex]Δ[tex]H_{vap}[/tex]
[tex]= 0.16 mol * 40.66 kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]= 6.506 kJ[/tex]
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at the end of glycolysis, in what molecule(s) can one not find the energy that was contained in the chemical bonds of glucose? select all that apply.
Answers
Two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of pyruvate are net products of glycolysis. Pyruvate is where the majority of the energy is kept. It will travel through the Krebs cycle to continue to oxidize.
Which of the following does not result from glycolysis to produce ATP?
Carbon dioxide is the appropriate response to this query. Glycolysis does not result in the production of carbon dioxide.
What results from glycolysis in the absence of oxygen?
Two molecules of pyruvate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and water are the products of glycolysis. Both aerobic and anaerobic species engage in glycolysis. Pyruvate is fermented into lactic acid, ethanol, and CO2 when oxygen is not present
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Identical forces act for the same length of time on two different object. The change in momentum of the smaller object is
A) smaller than the change in momentum of the larger mass, but not zero.
B) zero.
C) equal to the change in momentum of the larger mass.
D) larger than the change in momentum of the larger mass.
Answers
The change in momentum of the smaller object is smaller than the change in momentum of the larger mass, but not zero.
What is momentum in force?
In most cases, momentum is the quantity that describes the internal motion of any moving object. Force, on the other hand, is the quantity that modifies the rate is taken existing when applied to any object. Momentum is the sum of motion contained within a moving item.
Why is momentum necessary?
Since there are no outside forces in an external observer (like the universe), momentum is always preserved. The components of momentum in any directions will also be maintained because momentum is conserved. When solving collision-related issues, the principle of momentum conservation is crucial.
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which one of these sentences is appropriate for a formal lab report in chm113 lab?a. Three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded. b. First, record the seven concentrations of the red dye which...... c. The corvet was whipped with a soft tissue and then........ d. The error occurred because Tim spilled the solution. e. We got a good yield.
Answers
Three more trials were conducted and the data was recorded this is one of sentence appropriate for a formal lab report in chm113 lab.
The phrase "three further trials were undertaken and the data was recorded" is appropriate for a formal lab report in the CHM113 lab. Following the recording of these samples' absorbencies, a standard line curve with the concentration equation and an R2 value was produced using the data. To make it simpler to grasp huge amounts of data and the relationships between various series of data, series of numeric data are displayed in a graphical fashion using charts.
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an element compound has 82 protons, 82 electrons, and 123 neutrons. write its isotopic symbol including both the mass number and the atomic number.
Answers
With an atomic number of 82, the chemical element lead has 82 protons and 82 electrons in its atomic structure. Lead has the chemical symbol Pb.
Lead's neutron number and mass number Lead's usual isotopes have masses between 204 and 208. Lead's (pb) atomic number is 82. The quantity of protons in an element's nucleus is indicated by the element's atomic number. Only lead displays no Thomson effect in a metal. In other words, neither heat is emitted nor absorbed when an electrical current is transmitted through a sample of lead. Lead has a molecular weight of 207. Natural bluish-gray metal called lead may be found in trace levels in the earth's crust. Every area of our is filled with lead environment.
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What substance would precipitate if you were to add a saturated sodium carbonate solution to a saturated sodium chloride solution? Why?
NaCl + Na₂CO₃ ⇌ NaCl + Na₂CO₃
Answers
Answer:
Explanation: This is an example of a double displacement reaction. Here sodium carbonate is added to sodium chloride. The result is no visible reaction.
There is no effect of mixing the solids. Mixing solutions would have little effect unless they were at very high concentrations, then it is possible some sodium carbonate would precipitate due to the common ion effect.
Which equations represent precipitation reactions? na2s febr2 → 2nabr fes mgso4 cacl2 → mgcl2 caso4 lioh nh4i → lii nh4oh 2nacl k2s → na2s 2kcl agno3 nacl → agcl nano3
Answers
• 2KOH(aqueous) + CaCl2(aqueous)—Ca(OH)2(aqueous) + 2KCl
• AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous)—AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)
• NaCl and aqueous AgNO3 (aqueous) AgCl + NaNO3 in water;
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl in water; MgCl2 (aqueous) + 2H2O(l)
How do you recognize a precipitation reaction in an equation?
Usually, only net ionic equations are used to describe precipitation reactions. A net ionic equation cannot be stated if all products are watery since all ions cancel each other out as spectator ions. As a result, there is no precipitation response.
An illustration of a precipitate equation
Precipitation reaction examples include adding 2 KI (aq.), 2 KNO3 (aq.), and PbI2 (s/ppt). Sodium chloride (NaCl) and insoluble barium sulfate are produced by the reaction of barium chloride (BaCl2) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) (BaSO4).
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why do high pressures favor the formation of diamond from graphite? drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
Answers
At the high pressures favor the formation of diamond from graphite because according to the le chatelier principle if we increase the pressure the equilibrium will shifts to the higher density.
The synthetic diamond is formed the graphite at a very high temperature.
graphite ⇄ diamond
the density of the graphite = 2.2 g/cm³
the density of the diamond = 3.9 g/cm³
if we increase the pressure then the equilibrium will shifts to the low volume or the high density. here the density of the diamond is high than the graphite. so, equilibrium shifts towards the diamond. therefore is the condition for the graphite to convert in diamond.
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A _ push would mean _ magnitude of force and vice versa _ push would mean a _ magnitude
PLEASE HELP FILL IN THE BLANKS!
Answers
A strong push would mean a large magnitude of force and vice versa a weak push would mean a small magnitude.
Which statement is a TRUE description of inorganic compounds? Inorganic compounds lack long, complex chains of carbon atoms. Polysaccharides are inorganic compounds because these sugars do not taste sweet. Inorganic compounds can be formed from complex sequences of amino acids. Inorganic compounds can produce energy in the form of ATP.
Answers
True statement of inorganic compounds are Inorganic compounds lack long, complex chains of carbon atoms.
A material without both carbon and hydrogen is said to be an inorganic compound. Many inorganic substances, like water (H2O) and the hydrochloric acid (HCl) secreted by your stomach, do contain hydrogen atoms. In contrast, carbon atoms are only present in a small number of inorganic molecules. A chemical without a carbon-hydrogen bond is said to be inorganic. A chemical substance that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, or one that is not an organic complex, is known as an inorganic compound. Any substance in which two or more chemical elements (often those other than carbon) are mixed, almost invariably in precise proportions, is referred to as an inorganic compound. When carbon is bonded to hydrogen, a compound is categorized as organic.
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how much au will be plated out (from a solution containing au3 ) by the same amount of current that plates 10.5 g of cu (from a solution of cu2 )
Answers
Keeping in mind that, in accordance with the half reaction, gold can be plated from an Au3+-containing solution. Au3+(aq) + 3 e- Au (s) = (M(Au)It)/nF = (197g/mol5.5A25min60sec/min)/(396500C/m.
How does electrolysis current become calculated?
How to Determine the Required Current Find out how much a material is created or absorbed by moles. For the half-reaction that is occurring, write the equation. Determine the necessary amount of electron moles. Turn coulombs of charge into moles of electrons. Calculate the needed current.
How are current amounts calculated?
We can easily calculate current by dividing the total charge by the measurement period. I = Q t, where I stands for current, Q for charge, and t for time, is a formula for calculating current.
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the inflammatory response involves chemical and physical barriers that help protect the body from harmful substances.
Answers
The statement stating the inflammatory response involves chemical and physical barriers that help protect the body from harmful substances is true.
Our body has immune system to protect from unwanted substances and organisms that may harm our body. It involves different types of cells that are broadly categorised into myeloid and lymphoid immune cells. They utilise chemicals to impart protection to body.
Physical barrier is tears, skin, mucus that prevents the entry of harmful organisms into the body. The common symptoms we see on encountering the foreign substances are allergy, cough, fever, pain and other such signs.
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Answer: true
Explanation: edg
identify the lewis acid in the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
a. hg2+
b. cn−
c. hg(cn)42−
Answers
Hg2+ is Lewis Acid.
According to the Lewis definition, a species that donates a lone pair of electrons acts as a Lewis base, and a species that accepts a lone pair of electrons acts as a Lewis acid.
In other words, a neutral or negatively charged species with a lone pair of electrons can act as a Lewis base, and a species with an empty orbital (an incomplete octet) which can acquire a lone pair of electrons are Lewis acid.
In case of the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
Here, the Hg2+ ion receives four pairs of electrons from the CN- ions because it possesses vacant orbitals.
So, Hg2+ is Lewis acid here.
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Complete the following nuclear equation:
Answers
The nuclear equation shown is completed as follows:
²¹⁴₈₂Pb ---> ⁰₋₁e + ²¹⁴₈₃Bi
The correct option is B.
What is a nuclear equation?
A nuclear equation is an equation that represents or shows a nuclear reaction.
particles found nuclear reaction is a reaction in which reaction changes occur in the atomic particles found within the nucleus of a na atom.
There are two types of nuclear reactions;
nuclear fusion - the fusion of the atoms of two sammlerf nuclei to form larger nuclei
nuclear fission - the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom to produce two or smaller atoms.
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What makes a nuclear reaction a transmutation?
Answers
Any process that modifies the number of protons or neutrons in an atom's nucleus is considered a nuclear transmutation. Therefore, modification in the number of protons or neutrons in an atom's nucleus is considered a nuclear transmutation.
What is nuclear reaction?
When two nuclei or a nucleus and an outside subatomic particle meet, it is known as a nuclear reaction and one or more new nuclides are created.
Nuclear reactions, where a nucleus and an outside particle interact, or radioactive decay, where no outside cause is required, can both result in a transmutation.
Therefore, modification in the number of protons or neutrons in an atom's nucleus is considered a nuclear transmutation.
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When sulfuric acid is combined with sugar, gas is released and a tall black column forms. This is an example of a..?
a. physical property
b. chemical property
c. physical change
d. chemical change
Answers
Answer: d)
Explanation: Sulfuric acid on reaction with sugar leads to the formation of a lot of heat indicating it to be an exothermic reaction, a large quantity of steam , a black carbon containing tube like structure pushing itself out of the beaker.It is demonstrated as:
C12H22O11 (sugar) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) → 12 C (carbon) + 11 H2O (water) + mixture water and acid
The process is actually the dehydration of sugar. It can be demonstrated by simply adding table sugar to a beaker and adding sulfuric acid to it. The process is followed by the release of heat, oxide fumes, and a black tube structure as mentioned. The white sugar on addition of this sulfuric acid get dehydrated and pushes itself outwards by forming a black carbon containing tube like structure.
Since the process is irreversible is nature therefore is a chemical change.
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